미국교과서 Dictation자료 1.3 - North and South America

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NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA

   NORTH AMERICA. There are three large countries in North America: the United States, Canada, and Mexico. North America also contains six smaller countries in Central America and many island countries in the Caribbean Sea.
   North America has a range of high mountains in the west, the Rocky Mountains. It also has a range of lower mountains in the east, the Appalachian Mountains. Between these two ranges are wide, flat plains. About one-third of North America is covered with forests.
   In the far north, the climate is cold all year round. In the south, nearer the equator, it is hot all year round. But most of North America has a mix of warm summers and cold winters.
   The United States and Canada have large areas of fertile land, and they get the right amount of rainfall for farming. They are also rich in oil, coal, and other minerals for their factories. The United States and Canada make more than one-fourth of the world's manufactured goods, but they contain less than one-tenth of the world's people. They sell much of what they make and grow to other countries.
   Most of the people in Mexico, Central America, and on the islands in the Caribbean Sea live by farming. Some countries grow only one or two main crops. For example, Cuba grows mainly sugar. With so few crops, a bad growing season can bring hardship to the whole country.
   SOUTH AMERICA. There are 12 countries in South America. The largest country, Brazil, covers almost half of the continent. The equator runs across South America, so the climate of much of the continent is warm all year. The continent is covered partly by grassy plains and farmlands, partly by thick rain forests, and partly by the Andes Mountains.
   Nearly half of the people work on small farms. They plow and plant these farms without machines. These farms produce very little food for their owners. The best farmland is often divided into very large farms, owned by a few wealthy people. These farms grow beet, coffee, cotton, and other crops for export to other countries.
   Many factories are being built in South America, but a lot of manufactured goods must still be imported. South America is very rich in minerals and other raw materials, but some of these are very hard to reach. They may be high in the mountains or deep in the forest, where there are few roads and railroads.