미국교과서 Dictation자료 Unit 2 - History 2 : FROM COLONIES TO STATES 

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FROM COLONIES TO STATES

   The colonies were founded to expand trade for England. The English government also sent debtors and people who disagreed with the government to the colonies. Some English colonies were trading posts, for example, the colonies of Jamestown (settled in 1607) and Massachusetts Bay (settled in 1628). The trading posts were owned by merchants in England. These merchants wanted to sell goods to the colonies.
   Some of the colonies were founded for other reasons. The Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts was founded by the Pilgrims. In England, religion was under the control of the king. The Pilgrims left England because they wanted to be free to practice their own religion. The Pilgrims sailed from England in a ship called the Mayflower. They lived by farming. They also sold animal skins to European traders.
   By the 1700s, there were thirteen English colonies in the New World. Life in the colonies was hard. The colonists worked for the governor of the colony. The governor worked for the English merchants. The governor and the merchants became very wealthy. But the colonists were poor. At first, they weren't allowed to own land. And they weren't allowed to have their own homes. But soon the laws changed, and the colonists were allowed to own land.
   As the colonies grew larger and richer, the colonists demanded more freedom. Also, the English government raised the taxes, and this angered the colonists. The colonists felt they had the right to set their own taxes.
   In 1774, men from twelve of the thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia. This meeting was the first Congress. At this Congress, the colonists decided on a plan of action against England. They decided to boycott all English goods. The colonists agreed not to trade with England until they were treated fairly.
   People in the colonies began to join together in small groups to fight and win freedom from England. The People in these groups were ready to fight at any minute. They called themselves the Minutemen. In April 1775, English soldiers moved into an area near Boston. This was a threat to the colonists. It was at this time that a colonist named Paul Revere made his famous ride. He rode to neighboring towns to call the people to fight the English. The first battle of the American Revolution soon followed. The colonists' army was led by General George Washington.
   On July 4, 1776, the thirteen colonies signed the Declaration of Independence. But the American Revolution was a long and bitter struggle. The war lasted eight years. The English army surrendered in 1783, and the colonies became the United States of America.